Sine wave

• Sine wave：Smooth fluctuation with gradual transition.

• Features: Low harmonic distortion (<5%), low torque ripple, quiet and stable operation.

• Typical applications: Servo motors, high-precision brushless motors, drones, electric vehicles, robot joints, etc.

Square wave

• Square wave：Flat top with steep edges and abrupt transitions.

• Features: High output torque, high harmonic content.

• Typical applications: General fans, toys, low-end BLDC motors.

Saddle wave

• Saddle wave：Double peaks with a slight dip in the middle.

• Features: Performance between square wave and sine wave, balancing power output and operational stability.

• Typical applications: Household appliances, power tools, mid-range brushless motors.